JEE MAIN Exam Preparation Program

UNIT 1: Units and Measurements

• Units of measurement
• System of units
• SI units
• Fundamental and derived units
• Least count
• Significant figures
• Errors in measurements

Dimensions of Physical Quantities

• Dimensional analysis
• Applications of dimensional analysis
  

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UNIT 2: Kinematics

Motion in a Straight Line

• Frame of reference
• Speed and velocity
• Uniform and non-uniform motion
• Average speed and instantaneous velocity
• Uniformly accelerated motion
• Position-time and velocity-time graphs
• Equations of motion
• Relative velocity

Motion in a Plane

• Projectile motion
• Uniform circular motion

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UNIT 3: Laws of Motion

• Force and inertia
• Newton’s First Law of Motion
• Momentum
• Newton’s Second Law of Motion
• Impulse
• Newton’s Third Law of Motion
• Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications
• Equilibrium of concurrent forces

Friction

• Static and kinetic friction
• Laws of friction
• Rolling friction

Circular Motion

• Dynamics of uniform circular motion
• Centripetal force and applications:
  • Vehicle on a level circular road
  • Vehicle on a banked road

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UNIT 4: Work, Energy and Power

• Work done by constant and variable forces
• Kinetic energy and potential energy
• Work-energy theorem
• Power
• Potential energy of a spring
• Conservation of mechanical energy
• Conservative and non-conservative forces
• Motion in a vertical circle
• Elastic and inelastic collisions (one and two dimensions)

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UNIT 5: Rotational Motion

• Centre of mass of:
  • Two-particle system
  • Rigid body
• Moment of force (Torque)
• Angular momentum
• Conservation of angular momentum and its applications
• Moment of inertia
• Radius of gyration
• Moments of inertia of simple geometrical bodies
• Parallel and perpendicular axes theorems
• Equilibrium of rigid bodies
• Equations of rotational motion
• Comparison of linear and rotational motion

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UNIT 6: Gravitation

• Universal law of gravitation
• Acceleration due to gravity
  • Variation with altitude
  • Variation with depth
• Kepler’s laws of planetary motion
• Gravitational potential and potential energy
• Escape velocity
• Motion of a satellite:
  • Orbital velocity
  • Time period
  • Energy of the satellite

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UNIT 7: Properties of Solids and Liquids

Elasticity

• Stress-strain relationship
• Hooke’s law
• Young’s modulus
• Bulk modulus
• Modulus of rigidity

Fluid Mechanics

• Pressure due to fluithe d column
• Pascal’s law and applications
• Effect of gravity on fluid pressure
• Viscosity
• Stokes’ law
• Terminal velocity
• Streamline and turbulent flow
• Critical velocity
• Bernoulli’s principle and applications

Surface Tension

• Surface energy
• Angle of contact
• Excess pressure across a curved surface
• Applications:
  • Drops
  • Bubbles
  • Capillary rise

Thermal Physic

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UNIT 8: Thermodynamics

• Thermal equilibrium
• Zeroth law of thermodynamics
• Heat, work and internal energy
• First law of thermodynamics
• Isothermal and adiabatic processes
• Second law of thermodynamics
  
  • Reversible processes
  • Irreversible processes

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UNIT 9: Kinetic Theory of Gases

• Equation of state of a perfect gas
• Work done during compression
• Assumptions of kinetic theory of gases
• Concept of pressure
• Kinetic interpretation of temperature
• RMS speed of gas molecules
• Degrees of freedom
• Law of equipartition of energy
• Applications to specific heat capacities
• Mean free path
• Avogadro’s number

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UNIT 10: Oscillations and Waves

Oscillations

• Periodic motion
• Time period and frequency
• Displacement as a function of time
• Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.)
• Phase
• Oscillations of a spring
• Energy in S.H.M. (kinetic and potential)
• Simple pendulum and time period derivation

Waves

• Wave motion
• Longitudinal and transverse waves
• Speed of the travelling wave
• Progressive waves and displacement relation
• Principle of superposition
• Reflection of waves
• Standing waves in:
  • Strings
  • Organ pipes
• Fundamental mode and harmonics
• Beats

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UNIT 11: Electrostatics

Electric Charges and Fields

• Conservation of charge
• Coulomb’s law
• Forces between multiple charges
• Superposition principle
• Continuous charge distribution

Electric Field

• Electric field due to a point charge
• Electric field lines
• Electric dipole
• Electric field due to a dipole
• Torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field

Gauss’s Law

• Electric flux
• Gauss’s law and its applications:
  
  • Infinitely long uniformly charged straight wire
  • Uniformly charged infinite plane sheet
  • Uniformly charged thin spherical shell

Electric Potential

• Electric potential due to:
  
  • Point charge
  • Electric dipole
  • System of charges
• Potential difference
• Equipotential surfaces
• Electric potential energy:
  
  • Two-point charges
  • Electric dipole in an electrostatic field

Capacitance

• Conductors and insulators
• Dielectrics and polarization
• Capacitors and capacitance
• Combination of capacitors (series and parallel)
• Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor:
  
  • With dielectric
  • Without dielectric
    
• Energy stored in a capacitor

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UNIT 12: Current Electricity

• Electric current
• Drift velocity and mobility
• The relation between drift velocity and current
• Ohm’s law
• Electrical resistance
• I-V characteristics of:
  • Ohmic conductors
  • Non-ohmic conductors
• Electrical energy and power
• Electrical resistivity and conductivity
• Series and parallel combinations of resistors
• Temperature dependence of resistance

Cells and Circuits

• Internal resistance
• Potential difference and emf
• Combination of cells (series and parallel)
• Kirchhoff’s laws and applications
• Wheatstone bridge
• Metre bridge

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UNIT 13: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

Magnetic Field Due to Current

• Biot–Savart law
• Magnetic field due to ca ircular loop
• Ampere’s law
• Magnetic field due to:
  • Infinitely long straight wire
  • Solenoid

Force in a Magnetic Field

• Force on a moving charge
• Force on a current-carrying conductor
• Force between two parallel conductors (definition of ampere)
• Torque on current loop

Moving Coil Galvanometer

• Construction and working
• Sensitivity
• Conversion to an ammeter and a voltmeter

Magnetism

• Current loop as a magnetic dipole
• Magnetic dipole moment
• Bar magnet as equivalent solenoid
• Magnetic field lines
• Magnetic field due to dipole:
  
  • Along axis
  • On the equatorial line
    
• Torque on a magnetic dipole
• Para-, dia-, and ferromagnetic substances
• Effect of temperature on magnetic properties

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UNIT 14: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

Electromagnetic Inuction

• Faraday’s law
• Induced emf and current
• Lenz’s law
• Eddy currents
• Self and mutual inductance

Alternating Current

• Peak and RMS values
• Reactance and impedance
• LCR series circuit
• Resonance
• Power in AC circuits
• Wattless current
• AC generator
• Transformer

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UNIT 15: Electromagnetic Waves

• Displacement current
• Electromagnetic waves and characteristics
• Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves
• Electromagnetic spectrum:
  
  • Radio waves
  • Microwaves
  • Infrared
  • Visible
  • Ultraviolet
  • X-rays
  • Gamma rays
    
• Applications of electromagnetic waves

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UNIT 16: Optics

Ray Optics

• Reflection of light
• Spherical mirrors
• Mirror formula
• Refraction at plane and spherical surfaces
• Thin lens formula
• Lens maker formula
• Total internal reflection and applications
• Magnification
• Power of a lens
• Combination of lenses
• Refraction through a prism
• Microscope (reflecting & refracting)
• Astronomical telescope and magnifying power

Wave Optics

• Wavefront
• Huygens’ principle
• Laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens’ principle
• Interference
• Young’s double slit experiment
• Fringe width expression
• Coherent sources
• Diffraction (single slit)
• Width of central maximum
• Polarization
• Brewster’s law
• Uses of Polaroids

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UNIT 17: Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation

• Dual nature of radiation
• Photoelectric effect
• Hertz and Lenard’s observations
• Einstein’s photoelectric equation
• Particle nature of light
• Matter waves
• de Broglie relation

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UNIT 18: Atoms and Nuclei

• Alpha particle scattering experiment
• Rutherford’s atomic model
• Bohr model
• Energy levels
• Hydrogen spectrum
• Composition and size of the nucleus
• Atomic masses
• Mass–energy relation
• Mass defect
• Binding energy per nucleon
• Nuclear fission
• Nuclear fusion

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UNIT 19: Electronic Devices

• Semiconductors
• Semiconductor diode (I-V characteristics)
• Forward and reverse bias
• Diode as a rectifier
• LED
• Photodiode
• Solar cell
• Zener diode
• Zener diode as a voltage regulator
• Logic gates:
  
  • OR
  • AND
  • NOT
  • NAND
  • NOR

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UNIT 20: Experimental Skills

Familiarity with experiments and observations:

1. Vernier calipers – measurement of internal/external diameter and depth
2. Screw gauge – thickness/diameter measurement
3. Simple pendulum – energy dissipation graph
4. Metre scale – principle of moments
5. Young’s modulus of metallic wire
6. Surface tension by capillary rise
7. Coefficient of viscosity (terminal velocity method)
8. Speed of sound using a resonance tube
9. Specific heat capacity (method of mixtures)
10. Resistivity using a metre bridge
11. Resistance using Ohm’s law
12. Galvanometer resistance and figure of merit
13. Focal length (convex mirror, concave mirror, convex lens – parallax method)
14. Deviation vs incidence graph (prism)
15. Refractive index using a travelling microscope
16. Characteristic curves of p–n junction diode
17. Zener diode characteristics and breakdown voltage
18. Identification of diode, LED, resistor, and capacitor

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

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UNIT 1: Some Basic Concepts in Chemistry

• Matter and its nature
• Dalton’s atomic theory
• Concept of:
  
  • Atom
  • Molecule
  • Element
  • Compound
    
• Laws of chemical combination
• Atomic and molecular masses
• Mole concept
• Molar mass
• Percentage composition
• Empirical formula
• Molecular formula
• Chemical equations
• Stoichiometry

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UNIT 2: Atomic Structure

Electromagnetic Radiation & Atomic Models

• Nature of electromagnetic radiation
• Photoelectric effect
• Spectrum of hydrogen atom
• Bohr model:
  
  • Postulates
  • Energy of electron
  • Radius of orbits
  • Limitations

Dual Nature & Quantum Theory

• Dual nature of matter
• de Broglie relationship
• Heisenberg uncertainty principle
• Elementary ideas of quantum mechanics
• Quantum mechanical model of atom
• Important features of quantum mechanical model
  

Atomic Orbitals

• Concept of atomic orbitals
• One-electron wave functions
• Variation of ψ and ψ² with r (1s and 2s orbitals)
• Quantum numbers:
  
  • Principal (n)
  • Angular momentum (l)
  • Magnetic (m)
    
• Shapes of s, p and d orbitals
• Electron spin and spin quantum number

Electronic Configuration

• Aufbau principle
• Pauli’s exclusion principle
• Hund’s rule
• Electronic configuration of elements
• Extra stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals

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UNIT 3: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Basic Concepts

• Kossel–Lewis approach
• Ionic bond
• Covalent bond

Ionic Bonding

• Formation of ionic bonds
• Factors affecting ionic bond formation
• Lattice enthalpy and its calculation

Covalent Bonding

• Electronegativity
• Fajan’s rule
• Dipole moment
• VSEPR theory
• Shapes of simple molecules

Quantum Mechanical Approach

• Valence bond theory
• Hybridization (s, p, d orbitals)
• Resonance

Molecular Orbital Theory

• LCAO concept
• Bonding and antibonding orbitals
• Sigma and pi bonds
• MO electronic configuration of homonuclear diatomic molecules
• Bond order
• Bond length
• Bond energy

Additional Concepts

• Metallic bonding (elementary idea)
• Hydrogen bonding and applications

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UNIT 4: Chemical Thermodynamics

Fundamentals

• System and surroundings
• Extensive and intensive properties
• State functions
• Entropy
• Types of processes

First Law of Thermodynamics

• Work
• Heat
• Internal energy
• Enthalpy
• Heat capacity
• Molar heat capacity
• Hess’s law of constant heat summation
• Enthalpies of:
  
  • Bond dissociation
  • Combustion
  • Formation
  • Atomization
  • Sublimation
  • Phase transition
  • Hydration
  • Ionization
  • Solution

Second Law of Thermodynamics

• Spontaneity of processes
• ΔS (entropy change of universe)
• ΔG (Gibbs free energy)
• Criteria for spontaneity

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UNIT 5: Solutions

Methods of Expressing Concentration

• Molality
• Molarity
• Mole fraction
• Percentage (by mass)
• Percentage (by volume)

Vapour Pressure of Solutions

• Raoult’s Law
• Ideal and non-ideal solutions
• Vapour pressure–composition curves
• Plots for ideal and non-ideal solutions

Colligative Properties

• Relative lowering of vapour pressure
• Depression of freezing point
• Elevation of boiling point
• Osmotic pressure

Molecular Mass Determination

• Determination using colligative properties
• Abnormal molar mass
• Van’t Hoff factor and its significance
  

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UNIT 6: Equilibrium

Basic Concepts

• Meaning of equilibrium
• Dynamic equilibrium

Equilibrium in Physical Processes

• Solid–liquid equilibrium
• Liquid–gas equilibrium
• Gas–gas equilibrium
• Solid–gas equilibrium
• Henry’s Law
• General characteristics of physical equilibrium

Chemical Equilibrium

• Law of chemical equilibrium
• Equilibrium constants (Kp and Kc)
• Significance of ΔG and ΔG°
• Factors affecting equilibrium:
  
  • Concentration
  • Pressure
  • Temperature
  • Catalyst
• Le Chatelier’s principle

Ionic Equilibrium

• Weak and strong electrolytes
• Ionization of electrolytes
• Concepts of acids and bases:
  • Arrhenius
  • Bronsted–Lowry
  • Lewis
• Acid–base equilibria (including multistage ionization)
• Ionization constants
• Ionization of water
• pH scale
• Common ion effect
• Hydrolysis of salts and pH of solutions
• Solubility of sparingly soluble salts
• Solubility product
• Buffer solutions

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UNIT 7: Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry

Redox Reactions

• Electronic concept of oxidation and reduction
• Oxidation number
• Rules for assigning oxidation number
• Balancing of redox reactions

Electrochemistry

Conductance

• Electrolytic conduction
• Metallic conduction
• Conductance in electrolytic solutions
• Molar conductivity and variation with concentration
• Kohlrausch’s Law and applications

Electrochemical Cells

• Electrolytic cells
• Galvanic cells
• Types of electrodes
• Electrode potentials
• Standard electrode potential
• Half-cell and cell reactions
• EMF of a Galvanic cell and its measurement
• Nernst equation and applications
• Relationship between cell potential and Gibbs free energy change
• Dry cell
• Lead accumulator
• Fuel cells

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UNIT 8: Chemical Kinetics

• Rate of a chemical reaction
• Factors affecting rate:
  
  • Concentration
  • Temperature
  • Pressure
  • Catalyst
• Elementary and complex reactions
• Order of reaction
• Molecularity
• Rate law
• Rate constant and its units
• Differential and integral forms of:
  
  • Zero-order reactions
  • First-order reactions
• Characteristics and half-life of reactions
• Effect of temperature on reaction rate
• Arrhenius theory
• Activation energy and its calculation
• Collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions (no derivation)

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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

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UNIT 9: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

• Modern periodic law
• Present form of the periodic table
• s-block, p-block, d-block and f-block elements
• Periodic trends in properties:
  
  • Atomic radii
  • Ionic radii
  • Ionization enthalpy
  • Electron gain enthalpy
  • Valency
  • Oxidation states
  • Chemical reactivity

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UNIT 10: p-Block Elements (Group 13 to 18)

• Electronic configuration
• General trends in:
  
  • Physical properties
  • Chemical properties
    
• Variation across periods and down groups
• Unique behaviour of the first element of each group

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UNIT 11: d- and f-Block Elements

Transition Elements

• General introduction
• Electronic configuration
• Occurrence and characteristics
• General trends in first-row transition elements:
  
  • Physical properties
  • Ionization enthalpy
  • Oxidation states
  • Atomic radii
  • Colour
  • Catalytic behaviour
  • Magnetic properties
  • Complex formation
  • Interstitial compounds
  • Alloy formation
    
• Preparation, properties and uses of:
  
  • K₂Cr₂O₇
  • KMnO₄

Inner Transition Elements

Lanthanoids

• Electronic configuration
• Oxidation states
• Lanthanoid contraction

Actinoids

• Electronic configuration
• Oxidation states

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UNIT 12: Coordination Compounds

• Introduction to coordination compounds
• Werner’s theory
• Ligands
• Coordination number
• Denticity
• Chelation
• IUPAC nomenclature (mononuclear complexes)
• Isomerism

Bonding Theories

• Valence Bond Theory
• Basic ideas of Crystal Field Theory
• Colour and magnetic properties

Importance of Coordination Compounds

• Qualitative analysis
• Extraction of metals
• Biological systems

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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

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UNIT 13: Purification and Characterisation of Organic Compounds

Purification Methods

• Crystallization
• Sublimation
• Distillation
• Differential extraction
• Chromatography (principles and applications)

Qualitative Analysis

• Detection of nitrogen
• Sulphur
• Phosphorus
• Halogens

Quantitative Analysis (Basic Principles)

• Estimation of:
  
  • Carbon
  • Hydrogen
  • Nitrogen
  • Halogens
  • Sulphur
  • Phosphorus
    
• Empirical formula calculations
• Molecular formula calculations
• Numerical problems in quantitative analysis

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UNIT 14: Some Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry

• Tetravalency of carbon
• Hybridization (s and p)
• Shapes of simple molecules
• Classification based on functional groups
• Compounds containing:
  
  • Halogens
  • Oxygen
  • Nitrogen
  • Sulphur
• Homologous series

Isomerism

• Structural isomerism
• Stereoisomerism

Nomenclature

• Trivial names
• IUPAC system

Bond Fission

• Homolytic fission
• Heterolytic fission
• Free radicals
• Carbocations
• Carbanions
• Stability of carbocations and free radicals
• Electrophiles and nucleophiles

Electronic Effects

• Inductive effect
• Electromeric effect
• Resonance
• Hyperconjugation

Types of Organic Reactions

• Substitution
• Addition
• Elimination
• Rearrangement

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UNIT 15: Hydrocarbons

• Classification
• Isomerism
• IUPAC nomenclature
• General methods of preparation
• Properties and reactions

Alkanes

• Conformations (Sawhorse and Newman projections of ethane)
• Mechanism of halogenation

Alkenes

• Geometrical isomerism
• Mechanism of electrophilic addition
  
• Addition reactions:
  
  • Hydrogen
  • Halogens
  • Water
  • Hydrogen halides (Markovnikov’s rule and peroxide effect)
    
• Ozonolysis
• Polymerization

Alkynes

• Acidic character
• Addition of:
  
  • Hydrogen
  • Halogens
  • Water
  • Hydrogen halides
    
• Polymerization

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

• Nomenclature
• Structure of benzene
• Aromaticity
• Mechanism of electrophilic substitution
• Halogenation
• Nitration
• Friedel–Crafts alkylation
• Friedel–Crafts acylation
• The directive influence of substituents

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UNIT 16: Organic Compounds Containing Halogens

• General methods of preparation
• Properties and reactions
• Nature of C–X bond
• Mechanism of substitution reactions
• Uses and environmental effects of:
  
  • Chloroform
  • Iodoform
  • Freons
  • DDT

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UNIT 17: Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Alcohols

• Classification (primary, secondary, tertiary)
• Identification tests
• Mechanism of dehydration
  

Phenols

• Acidic nature
• Electrophilic substitution:
  
  • Halogenation
  • Nitration
  • Sulphonation
    
• Reimer–Tiemann reaction
  

Ethers

• Structure

Aldehydes and Ketones

• Nature of carbonyl group
• Nucleophilic addition reactions
• Relative reactivity
• Important reactions:
  
  • Addition of HCN
  • Addition of NH₃ derivatives
  • Grignard reagent
  • Oxidation
  • Reduction (Wolff–Kishner, Clemmensen)
    
• Acidity of α-hydrogen
• Aldol condensation
• Cannizzaro reaction
• Haloform reaction
• Tests to distinguish aldehydes and ketones

Carboxylic Acids

• Acidic strength
• Factors affecting acidity

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UNIT 18: Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen

• General methods of preparation
• Properties
• Reactions
• Uses

Amines

• Nomenclature
• Classification
• Structure
• Basic character
• Identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines

Diazonium Salts

• Preparation
• Importance in synthetic organic chemistry

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UNIT 19: Biomolecules

• General introduction and importance

Carbohydrates

• Classification
• Aldoses and ketoses
• Monosaccharides:
  
  • Glucose
  • Fructose
    
• Oligosaccharides:
  
  • Sucrose
  • Lactose
  • Maltose

Proteins

• α-Amino acids
• Peptide bond
• Polypeptides
• Levels of protein structure:
  
  • Primary
  • Secondary
  • Tertiary
  • Quaternary (qualitative idea)
    
• Denaturation
• Enzymes

Vitamins

• Classification
• Functions

Nucleic Acids

• Chemical constitution of DNA and RNA
• Biological functions

Hormones

• General introduction

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UNIT 20: Principles Related to Practical Chemistry

Detection in Organic Compounds

• Detection of nitrogen, sulphur and halogens
• Functional group detection:
  
  • Hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic)
  • Carbonyl (aldehydes and ketones)
  • Carboxyl
  • Amino

Preparation of Compounds

Inorganic Compounds

• Mohr’s salt
• Potash alum

Organic Compounds

• Acetanilide
• p-Nitroacetanilide
• Aniline yellow
• Iodoform

Titrimetric Exercises

• Acid–base titrations and indicators
• Oxalic acid vs KMnO₄
• Mohr’s salt vs KMnO₄

Qualitative Salt Analysis

Cations

• Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Al³⁺, Fe³⁺, Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Ca²⁺, Ba²⁺, Mg²⁺, NH₄⁺

Anions

• CO₃²⁻, S²⁻, SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻, Cl⁻, Br⁻, I⁻
  (Insoluble salts excluded)

Experiments

1. Enthalpy of solution of CuSO₄
2. Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid and strong base
3. Preparation of lyophilic and lyophobic sols
4. Kinetic study of reaction between iodide ions and hydrogen peroxide at room temperature

UNIT 1: Awareness and Analytical Ability

Awareness of Persons and Built Environment

• Awareness of:
  
  • Buildings
  • Materials
  • Objects
  • Textures related to architecture and the built environment

Visualization Skills

• Visualizing three-dimensional objects from two-dimensional drawings
• Visualizing different sides of three-dimensional objects

Analytical Reasoning & Mental Ability

• Visual reasoning
• Numerical reasoning
• Verbal reasoning

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UNIT 2: Three-Dimensional Perception and Design Ability

Three-Dimensional Perception

• Understanding and appreciation of:
  
  • Scale and proportions
  • Building forms and elements
  • Colour
  • Texture harmony and contrast

Design and Drawing Skills

• Drawing of geometrical and abstract shapes and patterns (in pencil)
• Transformation of forms:
  
  • 2D and 3D union
  • Subtraction
  • Rotation
  • Development of surfaces and volumes

Spatial Composition

• Generation of:
  • Plans
  • Elevations
  • 3D views of objects
• Creating two-dimensional and three-dimensional compositions using given shapes and form

Sketching (From Memory)

Candidates will sketch scenes and activities based on memory, including:

• Urban Scapes
  
  • Public spaces
  • Markets
  • Festivals
  • Street scenes
  • Monuments
  • Recreational spaces
    
• Landscape
  
  • Riverfronts
  • Jungles
  • Gardens
  • Trees and plants
    
• Rural Life Scenes
  

Note: The test will be conducted on a drawing sheet.

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Important Instructions for Candidates

Candidates are advised to bring:

• Pencils
• Geometry box set
• Eraser
• Colour pencils
• Crayons

UNIT 1: Awareness and Analytical Ability

Awareness of Persons and Built Environment

• Awareness of:
  
  • Buildings
  • Materials
  • Objects
  • Textures related to architecture and the built environment

Visualization Skills

• Visualizing three-dimensional objects from two-dimensional drawings
• Visualizing different sides of three-dimensional objects

Analytical Reasoning & Mental Ability

• Visual reasoning
• Numerical reasoning
• Verbal reasoning

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UNIT 2: Three-Dimensional Perception and Design Ability

Three-Dimensional Perception

• Understanding and appreciation of:
  
  • Scale and proportions
  • Building forms and elements
  • Colour
  • Texture harmony and contrast

Design and Drawing Skills

• Drawing of geometrical and abstract shapes and patterns (in pencil)
• Transformation of forms:
  
  • 2D and 3D union
  • Subtraction
  • Rotation
  • Development of surfaces and volumes

Spatial Composition

• Generation of:
  
  • Plans
  • Elevations
  • 3D views of objects
    
• Creating two-dimensional and three-dimensional compositions using given shapes and forms

UNIT 1: General Awareness

General Knowledge

• Current affairs and general knowledge
• Knowledge about prominent cities
• Urban and regional development issues
• Government programs and policies

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UNIT 2: Social Sciences

History

• The idea of nationalism
• Nationalism in India
• The pre-modern world
• 19th-century global economy
• Colonialism and colonial cities
• Industrialization

Geography & Resources

• Resources and development
• Types of resources
• Agriculture
• Water resources
• Mineral resources
• Industries
• National economy
• Human settlements

Political Science

• Power-sharing
• Federalism
• Political parties
• Democracy
• The Constitution of India

Economics & Development

• Economic development
• Economic sectors
• Globalization
• Concept of development
• Poverty

Society & Urbanization

• Population structure
• Social exclusion and inequality
• Urbanization
• Rural development
• Colonial cities

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UNIT 3: Thinking Skills

Comprehension & Interpretation

• Comprehension (unseen passage)
• Understanding of charts, graphs, and tables

Map & Spatial Skills

• Map-reading skills
• Scale
• Distance
• Direction
• Area calculation

Analytical & Quantitative Skills

• Critical reasoning
• Basic concepts of statistics
• Quantitative reasoning